《迷信》（20250321出书）一周论文导读

编译|冯维维Science, 21 MAR 2025, VOLUME 387, ISSUE 6740《迷信》,2025年3月21日，第387卷，6740期?性命迷信Life ScienceHippocampal encoding of memories in human infants人类婴儿的海马影象编码▲ 作者：TRISTAN S. YATES, JARED FEL, DAWOON CHOI, JULIANA E. TRACH, LILLIAN BEHM, CAMERON T. ELLIS, AND NICHOLAS B. TURK-BROWNE▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt7570▲择要：人类缺少对性命最初多少年特定变乱的影象。研讨者经由过程功效性磁共振成像扫描醒着的婴儿在履行后续影象义务时的年夜脑，来研讨这种婴儿忘记症的机制基本。在不雅看从前未见过的照片时，海马体的更年夜运动与1岁阁下开端的基于影象的不雅看行动有关，这标明对团体影象停止编码的才能在婴儿期就开端了。在人类性命的一段时光里，情景影象的编码机制的可用性厥后从咱们的自传体记载中消散，这象征着后编码机制，即婴儿时代的影象变得无奈检索，可能对婴儿忘记症更有义务。▲ Abstract：Humans lack memories for specific events from the first few years of life. We investigated the mechanistic basis of this infantile amnesia by scanning the brains of awake infants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a subsequent memory task. Greater activity in the hippocampus during the viewing of previously unseen photographs was related to later memory-based looking behavior beginning around 1 year of age, suggesting that the capacity to encode individual memories comes online during infancy. The availability of encoding mechanisms for episodic memory during a period of human life that is later lost from our autobiographical record implies that postencoding mechanisms, whereby memories from infancy become inaccessible for retrieval, may be more responsible for infantile最新版欧洲杯开户平台 amnesia.Cognitive perception of circulating oxygen in seals is the reason they don’t drown海豹对轮回氧气的认知感知让它们不会溺水▲ 作者：J. CHRIS MCKNIGHT , EVA-MARIA B?NNELYCKE, STEVE BALFOUR, RYAN MILNE, SIMON E. W. MOSS, HOLLY C. ARMSTRONG, CAITLIN DOWNIE, AILSA J. HALL, AND JOANNA L. KERSHAW▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq4921▲择要：大陆哺乳植物在潜水时依附保持充足的血氧程度来避免溺水。个别来说，哺乳植物对氧气的认知是难以觉察的，相反，它们会将二氧化碳的回升视为低氧的代表。但是，对潜水哺乳植物来说，感知不到氧气是有危险的。研讨者以为，任何基于对氧气的直接感知而转变潜水的才能都应当是经由激烈抉择的。研讨者将潜水海豹裸露在吸入的混杂气体中，试验转变了这些混杂气体，以影响氧气跟二氧化碳的轮回程度。潜水时光与轮回氧气程度呈正相干，但不受二氧化碳程度跟pH值的影响。这些成果标明，海豹确切在认知上感知轮回氧气，并应用它来转变潜水行动。▲ Abstract：Marine mammals rely on maintaining sufficient blood oxygen levels while diving to prevent drowning. Generally, oxygen is cognitively imperceptible to mammals that instead sense rising carbon dioxide as a proxy for low oxygen. Not perceiving oxygen, however, is risky for diving mammals. We argue that any ability to alter dives based upon direct perception of oxygen should have been strongly selected for. We exposed diving seals to inhaled gas mixes that were experimentally altered to affect circulating levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Dive duration was positively correlated with circulating oxygen levels but unaffected by carbon dioxide levels and pH. These results suggest that seals do cognitively perceive circulating oxygen and use this to alter dive behavior.物理学PhysicsError-detected quantum operations with neutral atoms mediated by an optical cavity由光学腔介导的中性原子的偏差检丈量子操纵▲ 作者：BRANDON GRINKEMEYER, ELMER GUARDADO-SANCHEZ, IVANA DIMITROVA, DANILO SHCHEPANOVICH, G. EIRINI MANDOPOULOU, JOHANNES BORREGAARD, VLADAN VULETIC, AND MIKHAIL D. LUKIN▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science188体育网址.adr7075▲择要：被困在光镊中的可编程原子阵列曾经成为量子信息处置跟量子模仿的当先平台。现在正在尽力将这些模块化体系集成到量子收集中，应用光接口来加强近程胶葛的发生。研讨者经由过程将困在光镊中的原子耦合到高品质的Fabry-Perot光纤腔中，提出了一种用于原子阵列的微标准光学接口。疾速、量子、无损读出跟存在过错检测的腔介导胶葛天生的演示对开辟用于模块化量子盘算平台的光子接口将存在主要意思。▲ Abstract：Programmable arrays of atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. Efforts are underway to integrate these modular systems into quantum networks using an optical interface to enhance remote entanglement generation. Grinkemeyer et al. present a microscale optical interface for atom arrays by coupling atoms trapped in optical tweezers to a high-quality Fabry-Perot fiber cavity. The demonstration of fast, quantum, nondestructive readout and cavity-mediated entanglement generation with error detection will be important for developing photonic interfaces for modular quantum computation platforms.Homochiral carbon nanotube van der Waals crystals同手性碳纳米管范德华晶体▲ 作者：ZHICHUN ZHANG, YI CHEN, PEIYUE SHEN, JIAJUN CHEN , SEN WANG, BO WANG, SAIQUN MA, BOSAI LYU, XIANLIANG ZHOU, AND ZHIWEN SHI▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu1756▲择要：在六方氮化硼上成长单壁碳纳米管晶体二维阵列，实现高机能场效应晶体管。研讨者证实，纳米管之间的范德华彼此感化驱动了它们的陈列，并在低摩擦名义上发生了平均的管间距。场效应晶体管的载流子迁徙率高达每伏特每秒2000平方厘米，开/关比高于107。▲ Abstract：Growing crystalline, two-dimensional arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes on hexagonal boron nitride enables high-performance field-effect transistors. Zhang et al. have shown that van der Waals interactions between the nanotubes drive their alignment and create a uniform intertube spacing on the low-friction surface. Field-effect transistors showed high carrier mobilities up to 2000 square centimeters per volt per second and on/off ratios higher than 107.实践生态学Theoretical EcologyUnifying spatial scaling laws of biodiversity and ecosystem stability同一生物多样性与生态体系稳固性的空间标准法则▲ 作者：MAOWEI LIANG, QI YANG, JONATHAN M. CHASE, FOREST ISBELL, MICHEL LOREAU, BERNHARD SCHMID, ERIC W. SEABLOOM, DAVID TILMAN, AND SHAOPENG WANG▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl2373▲择要：生物多样性与生态体系时光稳固性之间的正相干关联在小空间标准上曾经失掉实践跟实证研讨的证明。但是，这些看法能否以及怎样推广到更普遍的空间标准——生态体系治理在此中的典范利用——依然是难以捉摸的。物种丰盛度跟生态体系稳固性均随面积增添而增添，分辨用物种—面积关联跟生态体系稳固性—面积关联来描写。整合这些空间标准形式使咱们可能从小范畴到年夜范畴地权衡生物多样性—稳固性关联，并猜测生物多样性跟生态体系稳固性怎样呼应栖身地损失跟工资情况变更。▲ Abstract：The positive relationship between biodiversity, measured as species richness, and the temporal stability of ecosystems is well-established in theory and empirical work at small spatial scales. However, whether and how these insights can be generalized to broader spatial scales—in which ecosystem management is typicabest365官方网站lly applied—remains elusive. Both species richness and ecosystem stability increase with area, described by species area relationships (SAR) and ecosystem stability area relationships (EStAR), respectively. Integrating these spatial scaling patterns allows us to scale biodiversity–stability relationships from small to large areas and to predict how biodiversity and ecosystem stability respond to habitat loss and anthropogenic environmental changes.Macroecological rules predict how biomass scales with species richness in nature微观生态法则猜测了天然界中生物量与物种丰盛度的关联▲ 作者：ALEX L. PIGOT, LAURA E. DEE, ANTHONY J. RICHARDSON, DECLAN L. M. COOPER, NICO EISENHAUER, RICHARD D. GREGORY, SIMON L. LEWIS, CALLUM J. MACGREGOR, DARIO MASSIMINO, AND BART HAEGEMAN▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq3278▲择要：只管在实践跟试验方面获得了停顿，但生物多样性怎样影响天然生态体系的构造跟功效依然存在争议。经由过程将新实践利用于84695莳植物、植物跟原生生物组合的数据，咱们标明物种丰盛度对生物量储量的总体踊跃影响，以及这种影响的强度跟标记的变更，能够经由过程一个基础的微观生态量来猜测：物种丰盛度与体重的标度。当大要物种数目稀疏时，竖立生物量随丰盛度增添，但当物种巨细跟品貌不耦适时，竖立生物量与丰盛度有关。这些成果提醒了生态群落构造的一个新的基础法则，并标明物种丰盛度变更对生物量的影响是可猜测的。▲ Abstract：Despite advances in theory and experiments, how biodiversity influences the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems remains debated. By applying new theory to data on 84,695 plant, animal, and protist assemblages, we show that the general positive effect of species richness on stocks of biomass, as well as much of the variation in the strength and sign of this effect, is predicted by a fundamental macroecological quantity: the scaling of species abundance with body mass. Standing biomass increases with richness when large-bodied species are numerically rare but is independent of richness when species size and abundance are uncoupled. These results suggest a new fundamental law in the structure of ecological communities and show that the impacts of changes in species richness on biomass are predictable.